You can use a smaller pot because myc benefits go beyond just nutrient acquisition. You can feel pretty confident of inoculation if you have fresh spores (or a soil inoculant from somewhere outside, just check for pests) especially if you add your spores at the root zone when you plant into the container.
There is a caveat here, if you are using myc make sure you aren’t heavily feeding your plants. In the presence of excess nutrients plants stop benefiting as much as they don’t need to trade sugars for nutrients with fungus. This will absolutely effect your yield and shift the relationship from mutualistic to parasitic.
If you reuse soil, plant a cover in your pot after harvest and the roots will continue to feed the microbes, this will also help kick up soil respiration and help cycle nutrients from dead roots to soil.
I’ve done experiments with 4th graders illustrating the effects of mycorrhizae in small plots with high density plantings and with single plant plantings. I think the results are more apparent with high density, but we had noticeable and statistically significant differences in root length, shoot length, and yield in single planted pots as well.