Never happened to me during 4 grows…Do not know
Those look like minerals an perhaps some biological activity going on too (dont seem like anything bad)It might be idea to put a couple of thin slats or something underneath the edges of your pot too so that its raised an gets fresh air flow around that area.
I can yell ya from my last visit to the bathroom that my kids are not . . .
Like everyone else is saying, it looks like hard water deposits to me. You using tap water? Does it dissolve in vinegar? Probably calcium carbonate.
Also gonna chime in that I think it is mineralization. The mat is probably accelerating evaporation locally (like a swamp cooler pad) and that is why it is most apparent there, but it can/will also form on your fabric pots. Like @ReikoX said above, you can try dissolving some in vinegar to confirm the diagnosis.
its all your run off precipitating into crusties , hot water soak and the use of a basic acid or alkali depending will clean it up for the mat and tray, the pot can wait till after harvest obviously