Cannabis, like many botanical substances, is rich in compounds that contribute to its aroma, flavor, and therapeutic effects. Among these, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), terpenes, and esters are particularly noteworthy. Each of these compounds plays a critical role in the overall experience of cannabis use, but they are all vulnerable to degradation through chemical processes, especially oxidation.
Oxidation: This is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. For organic compounds like those found in cannabis, oxidation often results in the alteration of their molecular structure, which can significantly affect their properties. Oxygen, in the air, is the primary culprit behind this degradation.
⢠THC: The psychoactive compound in cannabis, THC, can undergo oxidation to form cannabinol (CBN), which has a different set of effects, generally less potent and more sedative. This transformation reduces the potency and alters the psychoactive experience.
⢠Terpenes: These are the aromatic compounds responsible for the distinctive smells of different cannabis strains. They not only contribute to flavor but also have synergistic effects with cannabinoids like THC, known as the entourage effect. Terpenes are highly volatile and reactive, making them particularly susceptible to oxidation. Once oxidized, terpenes lose their characteristic scent and beneficial properties.
⢠Esters: While less discussed in cannabis, esters contribute to both flavor and aroma. Their degradation through oxidation can alter the sensory profile of cannabis.
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ââThe rate of oxidation versus thermal degradation in terpenes highlights an important distinction:
⢠Oxidation Rate: This process tends to occur much faster than thermal degradation, especially when terpenes are exposed to air. Even at room temperature, the oxidative degradation of terpenes can be significant over time.
⢠Thermal Degradation: Unlike the rapid oxidative process, thermal degradation occurs at a slower rate. This means that while high or prolonged heat can indeed break down terpenes and other cannabis compounds, under controlled drying conditions, this degradation is less immediate compared to oxidation. âââThis allows for a window where drying can be optimized to preserve these compounds before significant thermal breakdown occursâââ.
Traditional drying methods expose cannabis to air for extended periods, leading to substantial oxidation. The newer, faster, drying methods employ advanced techniques to reduce drying time:
⢠Rapid Drying: By speeding up the drying process through controlled environments, this minimizes the exposure of cannabis to oxygen, thereby reducing oxidation.
⢠Temperature and Humidity Control: Precise control over these factors ensures that the drying happens at optimal conditions where thermal degradation is minimal, and the inherent properties of terpenes and THC are preserved.
Conclusion:
The battle against oxidation in cannabis preservation is not just about maintaining potency but preserving the full spectrum of its chemical profile for therapeutic, sensory, and possibly new beneficial effects. By understanding the rapid oxidation rates of terpenes and THC compared to their thermal degradation, and by employing newer, faster drying technologies, the industry moves towards more efficient preservation methods. This not only enhances the quality of the end product but also supports the development of cannabis products that retain their natural complexity and efficacy. As cannabis science progresses, innovations in drying and storage will continue to play a pivotal role in enhancing the integrity of this multifaceted plant.
Just more infomation the cannabis community does not talk about because it is not romantic and fits their narrative. 
